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Post in ground construction, also called earthfast〔Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0). Oxford University Press, 2009〕 or hole-set posts, is a type of construction in which vertical, roof-bearing timbers, called posts, are in direct contact with the ground. They may be placed into excavated post holes,〔http://www.stavkirke.org〕 driven into the ground, or on sills which are set on the ground without a foundation. Earthfast construction is common from the Neolithic period to the present and is used world-wide. Post-in-the-ground construction is sometimes called an "impermanent" form such as for houses which are expected to last a decade or two before a better quality structure can be built.〔Carson, Cary, Norman F. Barka, William M. Kelso, Garry Wheller Stone, and Dell Upton. "Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies." ''Material Life in America'', 1600-1860, edited by Robert Blair St. George, 113-158. Boston: Northern University Press, 1988.〕 Post in ground construction can also include ''sill on grade'', wood-lined cellars, and pit houses. Most pre-historic and medieval wooden dwellings were built post in ground worldwide. ==History== This type of construction is often believed to be an intermediate form between a palisade construction and a stave construction. Because the postholes are easily detected in archaeological surveys, they can be differentiated from the other two. Post-in-ground was one of the timber construction methods used for French colonial structures in New France specifically called poteaux-en-terre. The Japanese also used earthfast construction they call Hottate-bashira (literally "embedded pillars")〔Gina Lee Barnes. Yamato: archaeology of the first Japanese state. googlebooks?id=S-sDAQAAIAAJ〕 until the eighteenth century. Some places the people still use post in ground construction such as the Toguna shelter of the Dogon people in Africa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「post in ground」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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